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Installation d'ArchLinux

0. Description

Archlinux Current Release : 2021.08.01
Firmware type : UEFI
Disks type : GPT
Disk sda : 20G
Disk sdb : 40G

1. Téléchargement

Vous trouverez l'iso d'ArchLinux ici : Arch Linux

2. Préparation de la clé USB bootable

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dd if=/path/archlinux.iso of=/dev/sdx bs=4M

3. Changement du clavier en fr

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root@archiso ~ # loadkeys fr

4. Partionnement des disques

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root@archiso ~ # fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 20 GiB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Disk model: VMware Virtual S
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/sdb: 40 GiB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Disk model: VMware Virtual S
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/loop0: 662.07 MiB, 694231040 bytes, 1355920 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
4.1. Définition de la table de partionnement en GPT
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root@archiso ~ # sgdisk -m /dev/sda
root@archiso ~ # sgdisk -m /dev/sdb
4.2 Création des partitions SYS et DATA
description disk partition type size
boot sda /dev/sda1 ef00 512M
filesystem sda /dev/sda2 8300 19,5G
data sdb /dev/sdb1 8300 40G 
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root@archiso ~ # cgdisk /dev/sda
root@archiso ~ # cgdisk /dev/sdb
4.3. Création du LVM
pv vg lv size
/dev/sda2 vg_sys lv_swap 4G
/dev/sda2 vg_sys lv_root 15,5G
/dev/sdb1 vg_data lv_home 20G
4.3.1. Volume physique
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root@archiso ~ # pvcreate /dev/sda2
  Physical volume "/dev/sda2" successfully created.
root@archiso ~ # pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.
4.3.2. Groupe de volumes
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root@archiso ~ # vgcreate vg_sys /dev/sda2
  Volume group "vg_sys" successfully created
root@archiso ~ # vgcreate vg_data /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "vg_data" successfully created
4.3.2. Volume logique
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root@archiso ~ # lvcreate -L 4G -n lv_swap vg_sys
  Logical volume "lv_swap" created.
root@archiso ~ # lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n lv_root vg_sys
  Logical volume "lv_root" created.

root@archiso ~ # lvcreate -l 50%FREE -n lv_home vg_data
  Logical volume "lv_home" created.
4.4. Chiffrement et montage de la partition root
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root@archiso ~ # cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/vg_sys/lv_root

WARNING!
========
This will overwrite data on /dev/vg_sys/lv_root irrevocably.

Are you sure? (Type 'yes' in capital letters): YES
Enter passphrase for /dev/vg_sys/lv_root:
Verify passphrase:
cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/vg_sys/lv_root  15.03s user 4.02s system 69% cpu 27.453 total

root@archiso ~ # cryptsetup open /dev/vg_sys/lv_root luks_root
Enter passphrase for /dev/vg_sys/lv_root:
4.5. Formatage des partitions
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root@archiso ~ # mkfs.fat -F32 /dev/sda1
mkfs.fat 4.2 (2021-01-31)

root@archiso ~ # mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/luks_root
mke2fs 1.46.3 (27-Jul-2021)
Creating filesystem with 4058112 4k blocks and 1015808 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 8bbf4ac4-d802-4412-924b-6c528fecf283
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (16384 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

5. Montage du file systems

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root@archiso ~ # mount /dev/mapper/luks_root /mnt
root@archiso ~ # mkdir /mnt/{boot,home}
root@archiso ~ # mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot

6. Sélection des mirroirs

Select and Sort the 5 most recently synchronized https mirrors in France then sort them by speed and finally save the result in /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist: 

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root@archiso ~ # reflector --verbose --country 'France' -l 3 -p https --sort rate --save /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
[2021-08-16 00:00:00] INFO: rating 3 mirror(s) by download speed
[2021-08-16 00:00:00] INFO: Server                                             Rate       Time
[2021-08-16 00:00:00] INFO: https://XXX/archlinux/   11243.82 KiB/s     0.51 s
[2021-08-16 00:00:00] INFO: https://XXX/archlinux/   11165.54 KiB/s     0.52 s
[2021-08-16 00:00:00] INFO: https://XXX/archlinux/  11249.43 KiB/s     0.51 s

7. Installation des packages indispensables

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root@archiso ~ # pacstrap /mnt base base-devel lvm2 cryptsetup linux linux-headers linux-firmware dosfstools grub os-prober efibootmgr
root@archiso ~ # pacstrap /mnt bash-completion vim dhcpcd git

8. Génération du fstab

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# Generate fstab
root@archiso ~ # genfstab -U -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

9. Configuration du système via le chroot

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root@archiso ~ # arch-chroot /mnt
9.1. Fuseau horaire
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[root@archiso /]# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Paris /etc/localtime
9.2. Localisation
9.2.1. Locales
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# Select fr_FR.UTF-8 UTF-8
[root@archiso /]# vim /etc/locale.gen

[root@archiso /]# locale-gen
Generating locales...
  fr_FR.UTF-8... done
Generation complete.
9.2.2. LANG variable
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[root@archiso /]# echo -e "LANG=fr_FR.UTF-8 \nLC_COLLATE=C" >> /etc/locale.conf
9.2.3. Disposition des touches clavier
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[root@archiso /]# echo "KEYMAP=fr-latin9" >> /etc/vconsole.conf

10. Configuration réseaux

10.1. Hostname
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# Set hostname
[root@archiso /]# echo "fsociety" >> /etc/hostname
10.2. Hosts
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[root@archiso /]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1   localhost
::1     localhost

11. Initramfs

11.1. Chargement lvm et luks
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[root@archiso /]# vim /etc/mkinitcpio.conf
HOOKS=(... lvm2 encrypt udev keyboard keymap)
11.2. Installation du kernel
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mkinitcpio -p linux

12. Boot loader

12.1. Efivar

  • Vérifier si efivar est monté 

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    [root@archiso /]# mount | grep efivar
efivarfs on /sys/firmware/efi/efivars type efivarfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,noexec,relatime)

  • Si ce n'est pas le cas : 

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    [root@archiso /]# mount -t efivarfs efivarfs /sys/firmware/efi/efivars

12.2. Grub
12.2.1. Récupération UUID lv_root
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[root@archiso /]# blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/vg_sys/lv_root
00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000
12.2.2. Configuration
  • Uncomment GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK
  • Change GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX 
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    [root@archiso /]# vim /etc/default/grub
GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y
GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="cryptdevice=UUID=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000:luks_root root=/dev/mapper/luks_root"
12.2.3. Installation
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[root@archiso /]# grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=arch_grub --recheck
Installing for x86_64-efi platform.
Installation finished. No error reported.
12.2.3. Génération
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[root@archiso /]# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-linux
Found initrd image: /boot/initramfs-linux.img
Found fallback initrd image(s) in /boot:  initramfs-linux-fallback.img
Warning: os-prober will not be executed to detect other bootable partitions.
Systems on them will not be added to the GRUB boot configuration.
Check GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER documentation entry.
Adding boot menu entry for UEFI Firmware Settings ...
done

13. Configuration de la partition lv_home

13.1. Génération key file pour la partition lv_home
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[root@archiso /]# mkdir -m 700 /etc/luks-keys

[root@archiso /]# dd if=/dev/random of=/etc/luks-keys/home bs=1 count=256 status=progress
256+0 records in
256+0 records out
256 bytes copied, 0.000772168 s, 332 kB/s
13.2. Chiffrement (avec key file) et montage de la partition lv_home
13.2.1. Chiffrement
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[root@archiso /]# cryptsetup luksFormat -v /dev/vg_data/lv_home /etc/luks-keys/home

WARNING!
========
This will overwrite data on /dev/vg_data/lv_home irrevocably.

Are you sure? (Type 'yes' in capital letters): YES
Key slot 0 created.
Command successful.
13.2.2. Montage
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[root@archiso /]# cryptsetup -d /etc/luks-keys/home open /dev/vg_data/lv_home luks_home
13.3. Formatage
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[root@archiso /]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/mapper/luks_home
mke2fs 1.46.3 (27-Jul-2021)
Creating filesystem with 5237760 4k blocks and 1310720 inodes
Filesystem UUID: d3630024-4072-4ff2-9859-c8844e394c41
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
13.4. Montage lv_home et lv_swap au boot
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[root@archiso /]# vim /etc/crypttab
luks_home /dev/vg_data/lv_home  /etc/luks-keys/home
luks_swap /dev/vg_sys/lv_swap  /dev/urandom  swap,cipher=aes-xts-plain64,size=256

[root@archiso /]# vim /etc/fstab
/dev/mapper/luks_home        /home   ext4        defaults        0       2
/dev/mapper/luks_swap  none   swap   sw  0  0

14. Mot de passe root

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[root@archiso /]# passwd

15. Maintenant, vous pouvez vous amuser avec ArchLinux =)

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[root@archiso /]# exit
root@archiso ~ # umount -R /mnt
root@archiso ~ # reboot